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中国沙漠 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 164-176.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00149

• • 上一篇    

20012020年中国北方干旱半干旱区土壤风蚀的时空变化及驱动因素

王世宇(), 王雪松()   

  1. 北京师范大学 地表过程与水土风沙灾害风险防控全国重点实验室/防沙治沙教育部工程研究中心/地理科学学部,北京 100875
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-24 修回日期:2025-09-08 出版日期:2026-03-20 发布日期:2026-04-13
  • 通讯作者: 王雪松
  • 作者简介:王世宇(2002—),男,新疆兵团人,研究生,主要从事土壤风蚀方面的研究。E-mail: sywang1210@mail.bnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(42107343);地表过程与水土风沙灾害风险防控全国重点实验室重点项目(2024-ZD-02)

Spatiotemporal variation and driving factors of soil wind erosion in the arid and semi-arid areas of northern China in 2001-2020

Shiyu Wang(), Xuesong Wang()   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Disaster Risk Reduction / MOE Engineering Research Center of Desertification and Blown-Sand Control / Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China
  • Received:2025-07-24 Revised:2025-09-08 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-04-13
  • Contact: Xuesong Wang

摘要:

中国北方干旱半干旱区地形复杂多样、生态环境较为脆弱,土壤风蚀是影响该地区生态系统稳定和社会经济发展的关键因素。本研究采用修正风蚀方程(RWEQ),定量分析了该地区2001—2020年土壤风蚀的空间分布格局和时间动态变化,并结合地理探测器进一步探究了土壤风蚀的驱动因素。结果表明:(1)研究时段内,研究区的多年平均实际土壤风蚀模数为13 449.59 t·km-2·a-1,以剧烈侵蚀为首,主要分布在塔里木盆地中心地带和内蒙古高原中西部;实际土壤风蚀模数总体呈现波动下降的态势,大致以每年102.78 t·km-2的速率下降。(2)研究时段内,研究区不同土地利用类型的实际土壤风蚀模数存在显著差异。无论是发生转换的土地利用类型,还是未发生转换的土地利用类型,2020年的实际土壤风蚀模数:沙地>草地>耕地>建设用地>林地。此外,中国北方干旱半干旱区新增草地和耕地的实际土壤风蚀模数相对较高,分别为13 695.88 t·km-2·a-1和7 933.25 t·km-2·a-1,比研究时段内未发生转换的草地和耕地的实际土壤风蚀模数分别高19.90%和58.53%。(3)在影响研究区土壤风蚀的众多因素中,气候因子是主导因素(q=0.312,P<0.01);其中,风因子与实际土壤风蚀模数呈现出较为显著的中等强度的正相关(r=0.43,P<0.05)。

关键词: 中国北方干旱半干旱区, 修正风蚀方程, 地理探测器

Abstract:

The arid and semi-arid areas of northern China have complex and diverse topography and fragile ecological environment. Soil wind erosion is a key factor affecting the stability of the ecosystem and social and economic development in the areas. This study uses the Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ) to quantitatively analyze the spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of soil wind erosion in the study area from 2001 to 2020, and combined with geographic detector to further explore the driving factors of soil wind erosion. The results indicate that: (1) During the study period, the multi-year average actual soil wind erosion modulus of the study areas is 13 449.59 t·km-2·a-1, which was dominated by severe erosion and mainly distributed in the center of the Tarim Basin and the central and western parts of the Inner Mongolia Plateau. The actual soil wind erosion modulus shows a fluctuating downward trend, which decreases at a rate of 102.78 t·km-2 per year. (2) During the study period, there are significant differences in the actual soil wind erosion modulus of different land use types in the study area. Whether it was the land use type that has been converted or the land use type that has not been converted, the order of the actual soil wind erosion modulus in 2020 was: sandy land > grassland > cultivated land > construction land > forestland. In addition, the actual soil wind erosion modulus of the newly-added grassland and newly-added cultivated land in the arid and semi-arid areas of northern China is relatively high, which were 13 695.88 t·km-2·a-1 and 7 933.25 t·km-2·a-1 respectively, and were higher than the actual soil wind erosion modulus of the grassland and cultivated land that did not change during the study period, which were 19.90% and 58.53% respectively. (3) Among the many factors affecting the soil wind erosion in the study areas, the weather factor was the dominant factor (q=0.312, P<0.01). Among them, the wind factor and the actual soil wind erosion modulus show a relatively significant positive correlation of moderate intensity (r=0.43, P<0.05).

Key words: the arid and semi-arid areas of northern China, RWEQ, geographic detector

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